Published: IEEE Journal on Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics. 2001; 7(6): 982-988.
Keyword: cytochrome c oxidase, low power laser therapy, redox-absorbance changes in living cells
Author(s): "Karu T, Afanasyeva NI, Kolyakov SF, Pyatibrat LV, Welser L"
Absorption changes in HeLa cells were evaluated from 530-890 nm. Cytochrome c oxidase becomes more oxidized (implying increased cellular oxidative metabolism) at all wavelengths used. This study supports the hypothesis that the mechanism of photobiomodulation is related to the chromophore cytochrome c.